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| 1928 |
| | | English psychologist Henry Havelock Ellis completes a thirty-year project, his 7-volume Studies in the Psychology of Sex | |
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| 1928 |
| | | An Aerial Medical Service is launched in Queensland, Australia, subsequently becoming the Flying Doctor Service | |
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| 1928 |
| | | Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers a mould that selectively kills bacteria, and calls it penicillin | |
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| 1932 |
| | | A deeply flawed experiment with African American syphilis patients is launched in Tuskegee, Alabama | |
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| 1937 |
| | | British biochemist Max Perutz begins the analysis of haemoglobin | |
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| 1938 |
| | | Lord Nuffield donates to Commonwealth hospitals 'iron lungs', built at his Morris Oxford factory, | |
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| 1940 |
| | | British biologists Ernst Chain and Howard Florey develop penicillin as a safe and useful antibacterial drug | |
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| 1950 |
| | | The Medical Research Council in Britain produces a report, by Austin Hill and Richard Doll, linking smoking and lung cancer | |
|  | Tobacco and the doctor's opinion
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1953 |
| | | US microbiologist Jonas Salk announces the discovery of an effective vaccine against polio | |
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| 1960 |
| | | The birth control pill wins FDA approval in the US and goes on sale | |
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